Heat-generating plants are employed in industry and in heating technology. The safe operation of such plants takes a large numbers of safety devices. They are designed to prevent, among other things, excess temperature, overpressure and vacuum. In the area of temperature monitoring, in addition to a large number of other instruments, safety temperature limiters are used.
For the operation of heating plants, it really is customary to use a mix of several closed-loop and open-loop control units. A safety temperature limiter can be used because the ?last instance?. Connected upstream are usually safety temperature monitors, temperature controllers and thermostats. The event of a safety temperature limiter is to switch the plant to a fail-safe state when overheating occurs, i.e. once the established limit temperature is reached. When this fault occurs, the safety temperature limiter must be unlocked by hand. This is to guarantee that the plant is checked and the fault, if present, is eliminated, before the plant is switched back to its normal operation. This switching characteristics for safety temperature limiters is prescribed in standard DIN EN 14597 for usage of safety devices in heating plants.
Another important aspect of standard DIN EN 14597 is the time response used by closed-loop and open-loop control units make it possible for safe operation of plants. Tremendous must be guaranteed these instruments perform their control or switching functions within established time parameters, after a recognised limit temperature has been exceeded.
Closed-loop and open-loop control unit
operating mode
time constant in seconds for operation in:
water
air
oil
Temperature controller
continuous
130
120
160
Temperature controller,
temperature limiter / thermostat
two-point behaviour
45
120
60
Safety temperature limiter,
safety temperature monitor
two-point behaviour
45
120
60
Table: Maximum allowed values for enough time constant, relative to the particular application (source: DIN EN 14597:2012-09)
Moreover, predicated on this standard, a notified body can certify, via an EC-type examination, these instruments fulfil the directive 2014/64/EU (Pressure Equipment Directive).
Functional principle of the WIKA safety temperature limiters
The safety temperature limiter SB15 from WIKA uses a power design and is equipped with a mechanical temperature system. The temperature is detected by the liquid expansion principle. Judgmental closed measuring system with liquid filling includes a temperature sensor, a capillary and a Bourdon tube. The change in pressure produced as a result of the heat applied to the temperature sensor in the closed system is transmitted through the capillary to the Bourdon tube and then displayed on the dial via the angular deflection of the pointer shaft. The shifting disk, that is arranged on the pointer shaft, actuates the switching operation at the micro switch when achieving the non-adjustable switch point or in case of measuring line breakage and locks the existing status. A reset is possible, after the scale value drops below the set switch point by approx. 3% of the scale range.
Conclusion
Safety temperature limiters when used as safety devices contribute considerably to safe operation of heat-generating plants. Their used in heat-generating plants is regulated by standard DIN EN 14597.
Note
Further information on the SB15 safety temperature limiter can also be on the WIKA website.